Bollinger Bands | Trading Lingo
Bollinger Bands | Trading Lingo
05-17-2025, 03:54 PM
What Is a Bollinger Band®?
A Bollinger Band® is a technical analysis tool defined by a set of trendlines plotted two standard deviations (positively and negatively) away from a simple moving average (SMA) of a security's price, but which can be adjusted to user preferences.
Bollinger Bands® were developed and copyrighted by famous technical trader John Bollinger, designed to discover opportunities that give investors a higher probability of properly identifying when an asset is oversold or overbought.
Key Takeaways
- Bollinger Bands® are a technical analysis tool developed by John Bollinger for generating oversold or overbought signals.
- There are three lines that compose Bollinger Bands: A simple moving average (middle band) and an upper and lower band.
- The upper and lower bands are typically 2 standard deviations /- from a 20-day simple moving average (which is the center line), but they can be modified.
- When the price continually touches the upper Bollinger Band, it can indicate an overbought signal while continually touching the lower band indicates an oversold signal.
Understanding Bollinger Bands
How to Calculate Bollinger Bands®
The first step in calculating Bollinger Bands® is to compute the simple moving average (SMA) of the security in question, typically using a 20-day SMA. A 20-day moving average would average out the closing prices for the first 20 days as the first data point. The next data point would drop the earliest price, add the price on day 21 and take the average, and so on. Next, the standard deviation of the security's price will be obtained. Standard deviation is a mathematical measurement of average variance and features prominently in statistics, economics, accounting, and finance.
For a given data set, the standard deviation measures how spread out numbers are from an average value. Standard deviation can be calculated by taking the square root of the variance, which itself is the average of the squared differences of the mean. Next, multiply that standard deviation value by two and both add and subtract that amount from each point along the SMA. Those produce the upper and lower bands.
Here is this Bollinger Band® formula:
BOLU=MA(TP,n) m∗σ[TP,n]
BOLD=MA(TP,n)−m∗σ[TP,n]
where:
BOLU=Upper Bollinger Band
BOLD=Lower Bollinger Band
MA=Moving average
TP (typical price)=(High Low Close)÷3
n=Number of days in smoothing period (typically 20)
m=Number of standard deviations (typically 2)
σ[TP,n]=Standard Deviation over last n periods of TP
What Do Bollinger Bands® Tell You?
Bollinger Bands® are a highly popular technique. Many traders believe the closer the prices move to the upper band, the more overbought the market, and the closer the prices move to the lower band, the more oversold the market. John Bollinger has a set of 22 rules to follow when using the bands as a trading system.
In the chart depicted below, Bollinger Bands® bracket the 20-day SMA of the stock with an upper and lower band along with the daily movements of the stock's price. Because standard deviation is a measure of volatility, when the markets become more volatile the bands widen; during less volatile periods, the bands contract.
The Squeeze
The "squeeze" is the central concept of Bollinger Bands®. When the bands come close together, constricting the moving average, it is called a squeeze. A squeeze signals a period of low volatility and is considered by traders to be a potential sign of future increased volatility and possible trading opportunities.
Conversely, the wider apart the bands move, the more likely the chance of a decrease in volatility and the greater the possibility of exiting a trade. However, these conditions are not trading signals. The bands give no indication when the change may take place or in which direction the price could move.
Breakouts
Approximately 90% of price action occurs between the two bands.1 Any breakout above or below the bands is a major event. The breakout is not a trading signal. The mistake most people make is believing that that price hitting or exceeding one of the bands is a signal to buy or sell. Breakouts provide no clue as to the direction and extent of future price movement.
Limitations of Bollinger Bands®
Bollinger Bands® are not a standalone trading system. They are simply one indicator designed to provide traders with information regarding price volatility.
John Bollinger suggests using them with two or three other non-correlated indicators that provide more direct market signals. He believes it is crucial to use indicators based on different types of data. Some of his favored technical techniques are moving average divergence/convergence (MACD), on-balance volume, and relative strength index (RSI).
Because they are computed from a simple moving average, they weigh older price data the same as the most recent, meaning that new information may be diluted by outdated data. Also, the use of 20-day SMA and 2 standard deviations is a bit arbitrary and may not work for everyone in every situation. Traders should adjust their SMA and standard deviation assumptions accordingly and monitor them.
What Do Bollinger Bands® Tell You?
Bollinger Bands® give traders an idea of where the market is moving based on prices. It involves the use of three bands—one for the upper level, another for the lower level, and the third for the moving average. When prices move closer to the upper band, it indicates that the market may be overbought. Conversely, the market may be oversold when prices end up moving closer to the lower or bottom band.
Which Indicators Work Best with Bollinger Bands®?
Many technical indicators work best in conjunction with other ones. Bollinger Bands are often used along with the relative strength indicator (RSI) as well as the BandWidth indicator, which is the measure of the width of the bands relative to the middle band. Traders use BandWidth find Bollinger Squeezes.
How Accurate Are Bollinger Bands?
Since Bollinger Bands® are set two use /- two standard deviations around an SMA, we should expect that approximately 95% of the time, the observed price action will fall within these bands.
What Time Frame Is Best Used with Bollinger Bands?
Bollinger Bands® typically use a 20-day moving average.
The Bottom Line
Bollinger Bands® can be a useful tool for traders for assessing the relative level of over- or under-boughtness of a stock and provides them with insight on when to enter and exit a position. Certain aspects of Bollinger Bands, such as the Squeeze, work well for currency trading, as does adding a second set of Bollinger Bands. Buying when stock prices cross below the lower Bollinger Band® often helps traders take advantage of oversold conditions and profit when the stock price moves back up toward the center moving-average line. Using this tool correctly can help investors and traders make better decisions and hopefully earn profits.
Bollinger Bands®: Calculations and Indications
What Is a Bollinger Band®?
A Bollinger Band® is a technical analysis tool defined by a set of trendlines plotted two standard deviations (positively and negatively) away from a simple moving average (SMA) of a security's price, but which can be adjusted to user preferences.
Bollinger Bands® were developed and copyrighted by famous technical trader John Bollinger, designed to discover opportunities that give investors a higher probability of properly identifying when an asset is oversold or overbought.
Key Takeaways
- Bollinger Bands® are a technical analysis tool developed by John Bollinger for generating oversold or overbought signals.
- There are three lines that compose Bollinger Bands: A simple moving average (middle band) and an upper and lower band.
- The upper and lower bands are typically 2 standard deviations /- from a 20-day simple moving average (which is the center line), but they can be modified.
- When the price continually touches the upper Bollinger Band, it can indicate an overbought signal while continually touching the lower band indicates an oversold signal.
Understanding Bollinger Bands
How to Calculate Bollinger Bands®
The first step in calculating Bollinger Bands® is to compute the simple moving average (SMA) of the security in question, typically using a 20-day SMA. A 20-day moving average would average out the closing prices for the first 20 days as the first data point. The next data point would drop the earliest price, add the price on day 21 and take the average, and so on. Next, the standard deviation of the security's price will be obtained. Standard deviation is a mathematical measurement of average variance and features prominently in statistics, economics, accounting, and finance.
For a given data set, the standard deviation measures how spread out numbers are from an average value. Standard deviation can be calculated by taking the square root of the variance, which itself is the average of the squared differences of the mean. Next, multiply that standard deviation value by two and both add and subtract that amount from each point along the SMA. Those produce the upper and lower bands.
Here is this Bollinger Band® formula:
BOLU=MA(TP,n) m∗σ[TP,n]
BOLD=MA(TP,n)−m∗σ[TP,n]
where:
BOLU=Upper Bollinger Band
BOLD=Lower Bollinger Band
MA=Moving average
TP (typical price)=(High Low Close)÷3
n=Number of days in smoothing period (typically 20)
m=Number of standard deviations (typically 2)
σ[TP,n]=Standard Deviation over last n periods of TP
What Do Bollinger Bands® Tell You?
Bollinger Bands® are a highly popular technique. Many traders believe the closer the prices move to the upper band, the more overbought the market, and the closer the prices move to the lower band, the more oversold the market. John Bollinger has a set of 22 rules to follow when using the bands as a trading system.
In the chart depicted below, Bollinger Bands® bracket the 20-day SMA of the stock with an upper and lower band along with the daily movements of the stock's price. Because standard deviation is a measure of volatility, when the markets become more volatile the bands widen; during less volatile periods, the bands contract.
The Squeeze
The "squeeze" is the central concept of Bollinger Bands®. When the bands come close together, constricting the moving average, it is called a squeeze. A squeeze signals a period of low volatility and is considered by traders to be a potential sign of future increased volatility and possible trading opportunities.
Conversely, the wider apart the bands move, the more likely the chance of a decrease in volatility and the greater the possibility of exiting a trade. However, these conditions are not trading signals. The bands give no indication when the change may take place or in which direction the price could move.
Breakouts
Approximately 90% of price action occurs between the two bands.1 Any breakout above or below the bands is a major event. The breakout is not a trading signal. The mistake most people make is believing that that price hitting or exceeding one of the bands is a signal to buy or sell. Breakouts provide no clue as to the direction and extent of future price movement.
Limitations of Bollinger Bands®
Bollinger Bands® are not a standalone trading system. They are simply one indicator designed to provide traders with information regarding price volatility.
John Bollinger suggests using them with two or three other non-correlated indicators that provide more direct market signals. He believes it is crucial to use indicators based on different types of data. Some of his favored technical techniques are moving average divergence/convergence (MACD), on-balance volume, and relative strength index (RSI).
Because they are computed from a simple moving average, they weigh older price data the same as the most recent, meaning that new information may be diluted by outdated data. Also, the use of 20-day SMA and 2 standard deviations is a bit arbitrary and may not work for everyone in every situation. Traders should adjust their SMA and standard deviation assumptions accordingly and monitor them.
What Do Bollinger Bands® Tell You?
Bollinger Bands® give traders an idea of where the market is moving based on prices. It involves the use of three bands—one for the upper level, another for the lower level, and the third for the moving average. When prices move closer to the upper band, it indicates that the market may be overbought. Conversely, the market may be oversold when prices end up moving closer to the lower or bottom band.
Which Indicators Work Best with Bollinger Bands®?
Many technical indicators work best in conjunction with other ones. Bollinger Bands are often used along with the relative strength indicator (RSI) as well as the BandWidth indicator, which is the measure of the width of the bands relative to the middle band. Traders use BandWidth find Bollinger Squeezes.
How Accurate Are Bollinger Bands?
Since Bollinger Bands® are set two use /- two standard deviations around an SMA, we should expect that approximately 95% of the time, the observed price action will fall within these bands.
What Time Frame Is Best Used with Bollinger Bands?
Bollinger Bands® typically use a 20-day moving average.
The Bottom Line
Bollinger Bands® can be a useful tool for traders for assessing the relative level of over- or under-boughtness of a stock and provides them with insight on when to enter and exit a position. Certain aspects of Bollinger Bands, such as the Squeeze, work well for currency trading, as does adding a second set of Bollinger Bands. Buying when stock prices cross below the lower Bollinger Band® often helps traders take advantage of oversold conditions and profit when the stock price moves back up toward the center moving-average line. Using this tool correctly can help investors and traders make better decisions and hopefully earn profits.